Lightweight Air-Shield Water-Retaining Dam Low Foundation Requirement for Municipal Landscape Lake Use

Advantages of Air-Shield Dams

Air-shield dams have gained wide application in water conservancy projects (such as river flood control, irrigation, and urban landscape water systems) due to their unique structural design and functional advantages. Compared with traditional rigid dams (e.g., concrete gravity dams) and other flexible dams (e.g., rubber dams), their core strengths are as follows:

1. Lightweight Structure with Low Foundation Requirements

Unlike heavy concrete dams that demand solid and deep foundations to bear massive weight, air-shield dams rely on the inflatable airbag (the core component) for water retention. The overall structure is lightweight, and the load on the foundation is evenly distributed. This eliminates the need for complex and costly foundation reinforcement, making it particularly suitable for areas with poor geological conditions (e.g., soft soil or sandy riverbeds) and reducing both construction difficulty and initial investment.

2. Flexible and Rapid Water Level Adjustment

The operation of air-shield dams is controlled by inflation and deflation of the airbag, allowing for highly flexible water level regulation:

When water retention is needed (e.g., for irrigation or landscape), the airbag inflates quickly (usually within 10–30 minutes) to lift the dam face plate, forming a stable water storage area.

In case of flood risks or when water discharge is required, the airbag deflates rapidly, and the dam face plate lowers to open the river channel for unobstructed flood discharge. This rapid response is far more efficient than traditional dams, which require hours to adjust sluice gates.

3. Low Maintenance Costs and Long Service Life

Air-shield dams have a simple structural composition with fewer moving mechanical parts (e.g., no complex hoisting systems or gear transmissions). Their key components are designed for durability:

The inflatable airbag is made of high-strength composite rubber (with anti-abrasion, anti-aging, and anti-corrosion properties) that can withstand long-term immersion in water and resist damage from floating debris.

The dam face plate and anchoring system are treated with anti-corrosion processes (e.g., hot-dip galvanization for steel plates), reducing rust and wear.Routine maintenance mainly involves checking airtightness, cleaning the surface, and replacing sealing strips—tasks that are simple, low-cost, and do not require long-term shutdowns. With proper maintenance, the service life of an air-shield dam can exceed 20 years.

4. High Safety and Strong Anti-Impact Performance

Safety is a core advantage of air-shield dams, supported by multiple protective designs:

Emergency deflation function: In case of unexpected failures (e.g., airbag leakage, excessive upstream water level), the control system can trigger automatic or manual rapid deflation to lower the dam, avoiding risks such as dam overtopping.

Flexible anti-impact capability: The inflatable airbag has elastic properties, which can buffer the impact of floating objects (e.g., branches, stones) in the water. Unlike rigid dams, which may crack or deform under impact, the airbag absorbs energy through slight deformation, protecting the overall structure from damage.

Pressure safety protection: A safety valve is installed in the inflation system to automatically release excess air if the airbag pressure exceeds the design limit, preventing airbag burst.

5. Ecological and Landscape Compatibility

Air-shield dams have minimal impact on the river ecosystem and good landscape integration:

Unobstructed river channel when lowered: When the airbag is deflated, the dam face plate lies flat on the riverbed, restoring the natural flow of the river. This does not block the migration path of aquatic organisms (e.g., fish) or affect the transportation of sediment, protecting the river’s ecological balance.

Aesthetic appearance: The dam face plate has a smooth, flat surface, and the height can be adjusted to match the surrounding landscape (e.g., urban waterfronts or scenic lakes). Unlike traditional dams with bulky structures, air-shield dams blend naturally with the environment, enhancing the overall landscape quality.

6. Adaptability to Diverse Climatic and Hydraulic Conditions

Air-shield dams can be customized to adapt to different working environments:

Cold region adaptation: For areas with low temperatures (below 0°C), the airbag and pipelines can be wrapped with thermal insulation layers, and anti-freezing agents can be added to the compressed air system to prevent freezing and cracking.

Low-water-head suitability: They are optimized for low-water-head scenarios (usually 1–6 meters), which is more cost-effective than traditional sluice gates that are designed for high water heads but inefficient in low-head applications.

Bidirectional water retention (optional): Special designs can enable the dam to retain water on both the upstream and downstream sides, making it suitable for complex water conservancy projects (e.g., tidal rivers or inland lake regulation).

In summary, air-shield dams combine flexibility, economy, safety, and ecological friendliness, making them an ideal choice for modern small and medium-sized water conservancy projects that require efficient water regulation and low long-term costs.