Motor control system for flat single-axis tracking bracket

The motor control system of the flat single-axis tracking bracket is a key component in photovoltaic power generation systems for enabling solar panels to automatically track the position of the sun. Its core objective is to enhance power generation efficiency (typically by 15% to 30%). The following is the detailed technical analysis of this system:

System composition

Drive motor: Usually, DC brushed/brushless motors or stepper motors are selected, which need to be waterproof and dustproof (IP65 or above) and have self-locking functions.

Reduction mechanism: Worm gear or planetary gearbox, reducing rotational speed and increasing torque (it needs to be matched with the moment of inertia of the bracket).

Controller: Based on PLC or microcontroller (such as STM32), it integrates PID algorithm to achieve Angle closed-loop control.

Sensors: Tilt sensor (provides real-time feedback on the bracket Angle), light intensity sensor (optional, for cloudy mode).

Communication module: RS485/CAN or wireless (4G/LoRa), supporting remote monitoring and data reporting.

Power management: 12/24V DC power supply, possibly integrating an off-grid power supply solution of solar panels + batteries.