Intel Galileo

Specifications

Details of Intel Architecture Supported Features

The genuine Intel processor and surrounding native I/O capabilities of the Clanton SoC provides for a fully featured offering for both the maker community and students alike. It will also be useful to professional developers who are looking for a simple and cost effective development environment to the more complex Intel® Atom processor and Intel® Core processor-based designs.

• 400MHz 32-bit Intel® Pentium instruction set architecture (ISA)-compatible processor o 16 KBytes on-die L1 cache
  • 512 KBytes of on-die embedded SRAM
  • Simple to program: Single thread, single core, constant speed
  • ACPI compatible CPU sleep states supported
  • An integrated Real Time Clock (RTC), with an optional 3V “coin cell” battery for operation between turn on cycles.
• 10/100 Ethernet connector
• Full PCI Express* mini-card slot, with PCIe 2.0 compliant features
  • Works with half mini-PCIe cards with optional converter plate
  • Provides USB 2.0 Host Port at mini-PCIe connector
• USB 2.0 Host connector
  • Support up to 128 USB end point devices
• USB Device connector, used for programming
  • Beyond just a programming port - a fully compliant USB 2.0 Device controller
• 10-pin Standard JTAG header for debugging
• Reboot button to reboot the processor
• Reset button to reset the sketch and any attached shields
• Storage options:
  • Default - 8 MByte Legacy SPI Flash main purpose is to store the firmware (or bootloader) and the latest sketch. Between 256KByte and 512KByte is dedicated for sketch storage. The download will happen automatically from the development PC, so no action is required unless there is an upgrade that is being added to the firmware.
  • Default 512 KByte embedded SRAM, enabled by the firmware by default. No action required to use this feature.
  • Default 256 MByte DRAM, enabled by the firmware by default.
  • Optional micro SD card offers up to 32GByte of storage
  • USB storage works with any USB 2.0 compatible drive
  • 11 KByte EEPROM can be programmed via the EEPROM library.

Schematic, Reference Design & Pin Mapping

• Schematics: GalileoSchematic.pdf
• Cadence® Allegro® Files: GalileoReferenceDesign.zip

Power

Galileo is powered via an AC-to-DC adapter, connected by plugging a 2.1mm center-positive plug into the board's power jack. The recommended output rating of the power adapter is 5V at up to 3Amp.

Electrical Summary

Galileo has a number of facilities for communicating with a computer, another Arduino, or other microcontrollers. Galileo provides UART TTL (5V/3.3V) serial communication, which is available on digital pin 0 (RX) and 1 (TX). In addition, a second UART provides RS-232 support and is connected via a 3.5mm jack. The USB Device ports allows for serial (CDC) communications over USB. This provides a serial connection to the Serial Monitor or other applications on your computer. It also enables Galileo to act as a USB mouse or keyboard to an attached computer. To use these features, see the Mouse and Keyboard library reference pages. The USB Host port allows Galileo act as a USB Host for connected peripherals such as mice, keyboards, and smartphones. To use these features, see the USBHost reference pages. Galileo is the first Arduino board to provide a mini PCI Express (mPCIe) slot. This slot allows full size and half size (with adapter) mPCIe modules to be connected to the board and also provides an additional USB Host port via the slot. Any standard mPCIe module can be connected and used to provide applications such as WiFi, Bluetooth or Cellular connectivity. Initially, the Galileo mPCie slot provides support for the WiFi Library. For additional information, see theIntel® Galileo Getting Started Guide. An Ethernet RJ45 Connector is provided to allow Galileo to connect to wired networks. When connecting to a network, you must provide an IP address and a MAC address. Full support of on-board Ethernet interface is fully supported and does not require the use of the SPI interface like existing Arduino shields. The onboard microSD card reader is accessible through the SD Library. The communication between Galileo and the SD card is provided by an integrated SD controller and does not require the use of the SPI interface like other Arduino boards. The Arduino software includes a Wire library to simplify use of the TWI/I2C bus; see the documentation for details. For SPI communication use the SPI library.

Programming

Galileo can be programmed with the Arduino software (download). When you are ready to upload the sketch to the board, program Galileo through the USB Client port by selecting "Intel Galileo" as your board in the Arduino IDE. Connect Galileo's port labelled USB Client (the one closest to the Ethernet) to your computer. For details, see thereference, tutorials and Intel® Galileo Getting Started Guide. Rather than requiring a physical press of the reset button before an upload, Galileo is designed to be reset by software running on a connected computer.

When the board boots up two scenarios are possible:

• If a sketch is present in persistent storage, it is executed.
• If no sketch present, the board waits for upload commands from the IDE.

If a sketch is executing, you can upload from the IDE without having to press the reset button on the board. The sketch is stopped; the IDE waits for the upload state, and then starts the newly uploaded sketch.

Pressing the reset button on the board restarts a sketch if it is executing and resets any attached shields.

Properties of Pins Configured as OUTPUT

Pins configured as OUTPUT with pinMode() are said to be in a low-impedance state. On Galileo, when a pin is configured as OUTPUT, the functionality is provided via an I2C-based Cypress I/O expander datasheet). Digital pins 0 to 13 and Analog pins A0 to A5 can be configured as OUTPUT pins on Galileo.

The I/O expander’s pins, when configured as OUTPUT, can source (provide positive current) up to 10 mA (milliamps) and can sink (provide negative current) up to 25 mA of current to other devices/circuits. The individual per pin current sourcing capability of 10 mA is subject to an overall limit of 80 mA combined between all OUTPUT pins. The per pin capability current sinking capability is subject to an overall limit of 200 mA. The following table provides a breakdown of the overall OUTPUT capabilities of the pins.

There are three jumpers on Galileo that are used to vary the configuration of the board. IOREF Jumper To allow Galileo support both 3.3V and 5V shields, the external operating voltage is controlled via a jumper. When the jumper is connected to 5V, Galileo is configured to be compatible with 5V shields and IOREF is set to 5V. When the jumper is connected 3.3V, Galileo is configured to be compatible with 3.3V shields and IOREF is set to 3.3V. The input range of the Analog pins is also controlled by the IOREF jumper and must not exceed the chosen operating voltage. However, the resolution of AnalogRead() remains at 5 V/1024 units for the default 10-bit resolution or, 0.0049V (4.9mV) per unit regardless of IOREF jumper setting.

Warning: The IOREF jumper should be used to match the board and shield operating voltages. Incorrectly setting the voltage could damage the board or the shield. I2C Address Jumper To prevent a clash between the I2C Slave address of the on board I/O expander and EEPROM with any external I2C Slave devices, jumper J2 can be used to vary the I2Caddress of the on-board devices. With J2 connected to pin 1 (marked with white triangle), the 7-bit I/O Expander address is 0100001 and the 7-bit EEPROM address is 1010001. Changing the jumper position changes the I/O Expander address to 0100000 and the EEPROM address to 1010000. VIN Jumper On Galileo, the VIN pin can be used to supply 5V from the regulated power supply connected at the power jack to attached shields or devices. If there is a need to supply more than 5V to a shield using VIN then the VIN jumper should be removed from Galileo to break the connection between the on-board 5V supply and the VIN connection on the board header.

Warning: If the VIN jumper is not removed and more than 5V is connected to VIN, it may damage the board or lead to unreliable operation.

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